{"id":7700,"date":"2023-11-23T18:25:17","date_gmt":"2023-11-23T17:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/?p=7700"},"modified":"2023-11-29T20:13:04","modified_gmt":"2023-11-29T19:13:04","slug":"guerre-israelo-palestinienne-laffirmation-d-autodefense-disrael-na-aucune-legitimite-juridique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2023\/11\/23\/guerre-israelo-palestinienne-laffirmation-d-autodefense-disrael-na-aucune-legitimite-juridique\/","title":{"rendered":"Guerre isra\u00e9lo-palestinienne : l\u2019affirmation d\u2019\u00ab\u00a0autod\u00e9fense\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019Isra\u00ebl n\u2019a aucune l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 juridique"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ismail Patel, 21 novembre 2023<\/strong>. Depuis l’attaque men\u00e9e par le Hamas le 7 octobre, le Premier ministre britannique Rishi Sunak a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises qu’Isra\u00ebl avait le \u00ab droit absolu de se d\u00e9fendre \u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Le porte-parole de la Maison Blanche, John Kirby, est all\u00e9 encore plus loin, affirmant qu’il n’y avait \u00ab aucune ligne rouge \u00bb qu’Isra\u00ebl pourrait franchir lors de son assaut sur Gaza.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Avec ces d\u00e9clarations, les \u00c9tats-Unis et le Royaume-Uni ont donn\u00e9 \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl le feu vert pour d\u00e9ployer toute la force de son arm\u00e9e contre la population de Gaza. Par la suite, le monde a vu (\u00e0 ce jour) avec horreur Isra\u00ebl tuer plus de 13.000 personnes \u00e0 Gaza, dont 1.500 enfants.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Isra\u00ebl et les \u00c9tats qui n\u2019ont pas r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 appeler \u00e0 un cessez-le-feu utilisent l\u2019article 51 de la Charte des Nations Unies pour revendiquer la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de l\u2019attaque g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d\u2019Isra\u00ebl contre la population civile de Gaza. Dans le pass\u00e9, Isra\u00ebl a tent\u00e9 d’utiliser la \u00ab l\u00e9gitime d\u00e9fense \u00bb pour justifier un certain nombre de ses actions, notamment la construction du mur en Cisjordanie.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La Cour internationale de Justice (CIJ), dans son avis consultatif sur les cons\u00e9quences juridiques de la construction d’un mur dans le territoire palestinien occup\u00e9 en 2004, a confirm\u00e9 que l’article 51 \u00ab reconna\u00eet l’existence d’un droit inh\u00e9rent de l\u00e9gitime d\u00e9fense en cas de d’attaque arm\u00e9e d’un \u00c9tat contre un autre \u00c9tat \u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cependant, Isra\u00ebl reconna\u00eet qu’il occupe des terres palestiniennes et nie la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 d’un \u00c9tat palestinien. Par cons\u00e9quent, Gaza et la Cisjordanie ne sont pas un \u00ab \u00c9tat \u00e9tranger \u00bb aux fins de l’article 51. La CIJ a donc conclu, dans ce m\u00eame arr\u00eat, que l’article 51 n\u2019\u00e9tait pas applicable \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl puisque la Palestine est occup\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Isra\u00ebl a retir\u00e9 ses colons ill\u00e9gaux de Gaza en 2005, mais a maintenu le contr\u00f4le total des fronti\u00e8res, y compris l’approvisionnement en carburant et en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, les coupant \u00e0 volont\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Amnesty International a d\u00e9crit la situation comme une \u00ab punition collective continue depuis 15 ans \u00bb. Malgr\u00e9 les arguments d’Isra\u00ebl selon lesquels son occupation de Gaza a pris fin en 2005, il est rest\u00e9 un occupant de facto<\/i> et l’applicabilit\u00e9 de l’avis de la CIJ est donc toujours confirm\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Droit de l’occupation \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

En l\u2019absence d\u2019article 51, c\u2019est le droit de l\u2019occupation bellig\u00e9rante qui s\u2019applique entre Isra\u00ebl et la Palestine.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le \u00ab droit sur l’occupation \u00bb fait partie du droit international humanitaire qui fixe les param\u00e8tres de conduite en temps de guerre. Pr\u00e9sent dans le R\u00e8glement de La Haye de 1907, la Quatri\u00e8me Convention de Gen\u00e8ve de 1949 et ses protocoles facultatifs, il identifie les personnes occup\u00e9es comme \u00ab prot\u00e9g\u00e9es \u00bb.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ces r\u00e9glementations rendent ill\u00e9gales plusieurs choses, notamment les punitions collectives, l’annexion de terres, les attaques en repr\u00e9sailles, la destruction ou la saisie de biens et le transfert forc\u00e9 collectif ou individuel de personnes, entre autres.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Isra\u00ebl a enfreint chacune de ces lois \u00e0 plusieurs reprises, ce qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 des censures r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es de la part de l’Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l’ONU.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La loi sur l’occupation impose \u00e9galement \u00e0 l’\u00c9tat occupant l’obligation d’assurer l’ordre public par le biais du maintien de l’ordre, de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, de l’alimentation et des soins m\u00e9dicaux.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La loi sur l\u2019occupation emp\u00eache un \u00c9tat occupant, en l\u2019occurrence Isra\u00ebl, d\u2019utiliser la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l\u2019occupation comme justification pour attaquer collectivement la population occup\u00e9e. Elle peut cependant d\u00e9fendre son peuple, mais elle est limit\u00e9e dans la mesure o\u00f9 cela peut se produire.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La loi sur l’occupation impose \u00e9galement \u00e0 l’\u00c9tat occupant l’obligation d’assurer l’ordre public par le biais du maintien de l’ordre, de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, de l’alimentation et des soins m\u00e9dicaux.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La loi sur l\u2019occupation emp\u00eache un \u00c9tat occupant, en l\u2019occurrence Isra\u00ebl, d\u2019utiliser la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l\u2019occupation comme justification pour attaquer collectivement la population occup\u00e9e. Elle peut cependant d\u00e9fendre son peuple, mais elle est limit\u00e9e dans la mesure o\u00f9 cela peut se produire.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Lorsque des violences de la r\u00e9sistance palestinienne surviennent, Isra\u00ebl est tenu de r\u00e9agir en utilisant les pouvoirs de police accord\u00e9s par les lois d\u2019occupation, destin\u00e9s \u00e0 maintenir la paix et, exceptionnellement, en utilisant la force militaire qui doit respecter les lois humanitaires internationales.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La destruction de quartiers entiers, le meurtre de milliers de civils et la coupure de tout approvisionnement de base ne sont pas conformes au droit international.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 l\u2019inverse, les Palestiniens ont le droit l\u00e9gal de r\u00e9sister \u00e0 l\u2019occupation dans le cadre de leur lutte pour l\u2019autod\u00e9termination. Ce droit est inscrit dans l’article\u00a01\u00a0de la Charte des Nations Unies, dans le Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques et dans le Pacte international relatif aux droits \u00e9conomiques, sociaux et culturels.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce dernier d\u00e9clare : \u00ab\u00a0Tous les peuples ont le droit \u00e0 l’autod\u00e9termination. En vertu de ce droit, ils d\u00e9terminent librement leur statut politique et poursuivent librement leur d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique, social et culturel.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La r\u00e9solution 2672 de l’Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations Unies de 1970 a affirm\u00e9 le droit du peuple palestinien \u00e0 l’autod\u00e9termination, tout comme l’avis consultatif de la CIJ sur la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 du mur (2004). La r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 l\u2019occupation est l\u00e9gitime aux fins de l\u2019autod\u00e9termination.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Protection de la population civile<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Cette lutte peut prendre toutes les formes l\u00e9gitimes. La lutte du peuple palestinien pour l\u2019autod\u00e9termination a \u00e9t\u00e9, dans sa tr\u00e8s grande majorit\u00e9, non-violente. Les manifestations pacifiques de la Grande Marche du Retour \u00e0 Gaza et en Cisjordanie se sont heurt\u00e9es \u00e0 une force meurtri\u00e8re de la part d\u2019Isra\u00ebl qui a tu\u00e9 des centaines de personnes et bless\u00e9 des milliers.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La loi sur l\u2019occupation exige que les mouvements de r\u00e9sistance arm\u00e9e soient identifiables et distincts de la population civile, les attaques militaires \u00e9tant l\u00e9gitimes uniquement contre ces combattants de la r\u00e9sistance. Isra\u00ebl a pr\u00e9tendu attaquer des cibles du Hamas \u00e0 Gaza alors qu’en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, il a ignor\u00e9 la population civile, d\u00e9plac\u00e9 plus d’un million de personnes et bombard\u00e9 le nord de Gaza.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cela inclut les infrastructures civiles, les maisons et les b\u00e2timents prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par le droit de l\u2019occupation, tels que les \u00e9coles, les lieux de culte et les h\u00f4pitaux.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La derni\u00e8re offensive isra\u00e9lienne \u00e0 Gaza est une r\u00e9p\u00e9tition sanglante et intense des attaques militaires pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes contre une population civile prot\u00e9g\u00e9e. En 2008-2009, une campagne de bombardements de 23 jours a tu\u00e9 1.400 Palestiniens\u00a0; en 2012, un bombardement de huit jours a tu\u00e9 quelque 150 Palestiniens\u00a0; en 2014, une attaque de 50 jours a tu\u00e9 2.200 Palestiniens et en 2021, un assaut de 21 jours a tu\u00e9 260 Palestiniens.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Isra\u00ebl a viol\u00e9 \u00e0 maintes reprises ses obligations en vertu du droit de l\u2019occupation tout en se pr\u00e9sentant comme une victime. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, le droit international identifie clairement Isra\u00ebl comme l\u2019agresseur.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Chacun des hommes politiques qui ont soutenu les actions d\u2019Isra\u00ebl \u00e0 Gaza et ont refus\u00e9 d\u2019appeler \u00e0 un cessez-le-feu sont complices des crimes de guerre d\u2019Isra\u00ebl.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La simple raison en est qu’Isra\u00ebl, en tant que puissance occupante, ne peut pr\u00e9tendre \u00e0 la \u00ab l\u00e9gitime d\u00e9fense \u00bb pour toute action militaire contre les territoires palestiniens qu’il occupe.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Article original en anglais sur Middle East Eye<\/a> \/ Traduction MR<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n
[writers slug=ismail-patel]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ismail Patel, 21 novembre 2023. Depuis l’attaque men\u00e9e par le Hamas le 7 octobre, le Premier ministre britannique Rishi Sunak a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises qu’Isra\u00ebl avait le \u00ab droit Lire la suite →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7702,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,2],"tags":[348,191,3],"class_list":["post-7700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses","category-articles","tag-7-octobre-2023","tag-droit-international","tag-resistance"],"yoast_head":"\nGuerre isra\u00e9lo-palestinienne : l\u2019affirmation d\u2019\u00ab\u00a0autod\u00e9fense\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019Isra\u00ebl n\u2019a aucune l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 juridique - International Solidarity Movement - ISM-France<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2023\/11\/23\/guerre-israelo-palestinienne-laffirmation-d-autodefense-disrael-na-aucune-legitimite-juridique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Guerre isra\u00e9lo-palestinienne : l\u2019affirmation d\u2019\u00ab\u00a0autod\u00e9fense\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019Isra\u00ebl n\u2019a aucune l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 juridique - International Solidarity Movement - ISM-France\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ismail Patel, 21 novembre 2023. Depuis l’attaque men\u00e9e par le Hamas le 7 octobre, le Premier ministre britannique Rishi Sunak a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises qu’Isra\u00ebl avait le \u00ab droit Lire la suite →\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2023\/11\/23\/guerre-israelo-palestinienne-laffirmation-d-autodefense-disrael-na-aucune-legitimite-juridique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"International Solidarity Movement - ISM-France\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-11-23T17:25:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-11-29T19:13:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/latuff.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"898\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"mru_01\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ISMFRANCE\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ISMFRANCE\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"mru_01\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/23\\\/guerre-israelo-palestinienne-laffirmation-d-autodefense-disrael-na-aucune-legitimite-juridique\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/23\\\/guerre-israelo-palestinienne-laffirmation-d-autodefense-disrael-na-aucune-legitimite-juridique\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"mru_01\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3c411eb72adfaae19c0dca1f41fae01d\"},\"headline\":\"Guerre isra\u00e9lo-palestinienne : l\u2019affirmation d\u2019\u00ab\u00a0autod\u00e9fense\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019Isra\u00ebl n\u2019a aucune l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 juridique\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-11-23T17:25:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-11-29T19:13:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/23\\\/guerre-israelo-palestinienne-laffirmation-d-autodefense-disrael-na-aucune-legitimite-juridique\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1313,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/23\\\/guerre-israelo-palestinienne-laffirmation-d-autodefense-disrael-na-aucune-legitimite-juridique\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/latuff.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"7 octobre 2023\",\"Droit international\",\"R\u00e9sistance\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Analyses\",\"Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/23\\\/guerre-israelo-palestinienne-laffirmation-d-autodefense-disrael-na-aucune-legitimite-juridique\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/11\\\/23\\\/guerre-israelo-palestinienne-laffirmation-d-autodefense-disrael-na-aucune-legitimite-juridique\\\/\",\"name\":\"Guerre isra\u00e9lo-palestinienne : l\u2019affirmation d\u2019\u00ab\u00a0autod\u00e9fense\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019Isra\u00ebl n\u2019a aucune l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 juridique - 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