{"id":6432,"date":"2023-08-22T18:41:49","date_gmt":"2023-08-22T16:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/?p=6432"},"modified":"2024-02-08T19:26:10","modified_gmt":"2024-02-08T18:26:10","slug":"raviver-lhegemonie-la-proposition-israelienne-de-transport-terrestre-et-ferroviaire-dans-le-golfe-persique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2023\/08\/22\/raviver-lhegemonie-la-proposition-israelienne-de-transport-terrestre-et-ferroviaire-dans-le-golfe-persique\/","title":{"rendered":"Raviver l\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monie : la proposition isra\u00e9lienne de transport terrestre et ferroviaire dans le golfe Persique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Mohamad Hasan Sweidan, 17 ao\u00fbt 2023. <\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Depuis 2017, dans le cadre d\u2019une initiative baptis\u00e9e \u00ab Des pistes pour la paix r\u00e9gionale \u00bb, Isra\u00ebl tente de promouvoir un projet ferroviaire reliant le port de Ha\u00effa aux \u00c9tats du Golfe Persique, dont les \u00c9mirats arabes unis. Ce projet, d\u00e9j\u00e0 lanc\u00e9, a pris une importance accrue suite \u00e0 l\u2019accord de normalisation entre Abu Dhabi et Tel Aviv en 2020.<\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/railway.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-6437 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/railway-700x286.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/railway-700x286.png 700w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/railway-300x123.png 300w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/railway-768x314.png 768w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/railway-1536x627.png 1536w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/railway-1320x539.png 1320w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/railway.png 1677w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">En juillet, on a appris qu&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl et les \u00c9tats-Unis travaillaient sur un projet de <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/new.thecradle.co\/articles\/israel-hopes-27bn-rail-line-will-reach-saudi-arabia\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">liaison terrestre<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"> pour les camions voyageant entre Isra\u00ebl et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis via la Jordanie et l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite. Les deux projets visent \u00e0 relier la mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et le golfe Persique.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Relancer le chemin de fer du Hedjaz<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">En 2017, Yisrael Katz, alors ministre isra\u00e9lien des Transports et actuellement ministre de l\u2019\u00c9nergie, a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sa vision du projet. Ce qui est frappant, c&rsquo;est que ce grand plan avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait l&rsquo;objet de discussions entre Isra\u00ebl, certains pays arabes et m\u00eame l&rsquo;administration de l&rsquo;ancien pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Donald Trump, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thejc.com\/news\/israel\/israel-plans-rail-link-to-saudi-via-jordan-pa-1.436238\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">avant son approbation officielle<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"> par le gouvernement du Premier ministre Benjamin Netanyahu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">La trajectoire propos\u00e9e suit la ligne Marg Train, une ligne ferroviaire existante s&rsquo;\u00e9tendant de Ha\u00effa \u00e0 Beit She&rsquo;an, situ\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de la fronti\u00e8re jordanienne. Le trajet se poursuit en Jordanie en passant par le pont du Jourdain, connu sous le nom de pont Cheikh Hussein, et croise le r\u00e9seau ferroviaire interne du pays avant de converger vers le port strat\u00e9gique d\u2019Aqaba sur la mer Rouge.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/israel-uae-railway-project.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6434 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/israel-uae-railway-project-700x620.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"496\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/israel-uae-railway-project-700x620.png 700w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/israel-uae-railway-project-300x266.png 300w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/israel-uae-railway-project-768x680.png 768w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/israel-uae-railway-project-1320x1169.png 1320w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/israel-uae-railway-project.png 1491w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 496px) 100vw, 496px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Depuis la Jordanie, la ligne continue vers l\u2019Arabie saoudite, puis vers les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, et s\u2019\u00e9tendra probablement jusqu\u2019au sultanat d\u2019Oman. Ce r\u00e9seau complexe de connectivit\u00e9 relie non seulement les territoires palestiniens occup\u00e9s aux ports du golfe Persique, mais ouvre la voie \u00e0 des extensions potentielles en Irak et au Kowe\u00eft.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Une carte du projet envisag\u00e9 montre clairement que l&rsquo;initiative isra\u00e9lienne s&rsquo;inspire du chemin de fer historique du <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/feature\/2016\/10\/28\/hejaz-railway-a-historic-line-to-islams-holiest-cities\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Hedjaz<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">, une ligne ferroviaire de 1.464 kilom\u00e8tres construite par l&rsquo;Empire ottoman pour transporter des passagers, des p\u00e8lerins et des marchandises de la Palestine vers la Syrie, et de l\u00e0 vers l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite via la Jordanie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Cette ligne a \u00e9t\u00e9 inaugur\u00e9e en 1908 par le sultan Abdul Hamid II en personne. L\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, des trajets quotidiens furent instaur\u00e9s entre Ha\u00effa et Damas, et trois hebdomadaires entre Damas et M\u00e9dine. La derni\u00e8re proposition isra\u00e9lienne vise \u00e0 relancer l\u2019ancienne ligne du Hedjaz, mais avec les \u00c9mirats arabes unis rempla\u00e7ant la Syrie,\u00a0pour des raisons \u00e9videntes. En fait, le ministre isra\u00e9lien du Renseignement et des Transports Yisrael Katz a <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailysabah.com\/feature\/2016\/10\/28\/hejaz-railway-a-historic-line-to-islams-holiest-cities\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">d\u00e9clar\u00e9<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"> sans ambages\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Je veux relancer le chemin de fer du Hedjaz. Ce n\u2019est pas du tout un r\u00eave.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Liaison terrestre avec le Golfe Persique<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Dans une tentative strat\u00e9gique visant \u00e0 acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l\u2019engagement diplomatique et \u00e0 favoriser des liens plus \u00e9troits avec certains \u00c9tats arabes, le projet de liaison terrestre d\u2019Isra\u00ebl vise \u00e0 renforcer le commerce et la connectivit\u00e9 au sein de l\u2019Asie occidentale, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une proposition orchestr\u00e9e par le minist\u00e8re isra\u00e9lien des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et remise \u00e0 l\u2019envoy\u00e9 am\u00e9ricain Amos Hochstein. Cependant, bien que plusieurs personnalit\u00e9s politiques isra\u00e9liennes aient confirm\u00e9 que des travaux sur le projet \u00e9taient en cours entre Washington et Tel-Aviv, il n&rsquo;y a toujours <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/article\/r1pmwvhtn\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">pas d&rsquo;approbation officielle<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"> de la part des parties impliqu\u00e9es.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Actuellement, l\u2019itin\u00e9raire emprunt\u00e9 par les camions reliant les \u00c9mirats arabes unis au port de Ha\u00effa est embourb\u00e9 dans des complexit\u00e9s bureaucratiques, n\u00e9cessitant plusieurs chauffeurs, des formalit\u00e9s administratives complexes et de longues p\u00e9riodes d\u2019attente aux postes fronti\u00e8res. En revanche, le projet propos\u00e9 offre la possibilit\u00e9 qu&rsquo;un chauffeur et un camion se d\u00e9placent entre Duba\u00ef et le port de Ha\u00effa sans changer de chauffeur et de camion aux postes fronti\u00e8res entre les pays.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Le projet permettra aux camions de transporter des marchandises tout en r\u00e9duisant consid\u00e9rablement les d\u00e9lais et les co\u00fbts de transport. Une <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ynetnews.com\/article\/r1pmwvhtn\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">\u00e9tude<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"> du minist\u00e8re isra\u00e9lien des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res et du gouvernement am\u00e9ricain estime que cela r\u00e9duira le temps de transport des marchandises entre Isra\u00ebl et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis,\u00a0\u00e9conomisant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 20\u00a0% sur les frais d&rsquo;exp\u00e9dition.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">L&rsquo;infrastructure n\u00e9cessaire pour faciliter la circulation des camions entre le port de Ha\u00effa et les ports des \u00c9mirats arabes unis est d\u00e9j\u00e0 en place. La principale motivation du succ\u00e8s r\u00e9side dans la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de surmonter les obstacles administratifs et politiques, plut\u00f4t que d\u2019exiger un accord de normalisation global entre Isra\u00ebl et l\u2019Arabie saoudite.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019absence d\u2019accord formel, en 2020, Riyad a autoris\u00e9 les compagnies a\u00e9riennes isra\u00e9liennes \u00e0 traverser son espace a\u00e9rien, permettant ainsi une mobilit\u00e9 cruciale entre Isra\u00ebl et les \u00c9mirats arabes unis et Bahre\u00efn. Il va de soi qu\u2019une approche similaire pourrait \u00eatre \u00e9tendue au transport terrestre \u2013 une \u00e9tape tangible vers l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des flux commerciaux et des relations entre l\u2019\u00c9tat de l\u2019apartheid et l\u2019Arabie saoudite, les rapprochant ainsi d\u2019une potentielle normalisation formelle.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/israel-uea-land-bridge.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6435 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/israel-uea-land-bridge-700x620.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"497\" height=\"442\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Gains \u00e9conomiques pour Isra\u00ebl<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Les initiatives de liaison terrestre lanc\u00e9es par Isra\u00ebl, bien que visant ostensiblement \u00e0 favoriser la coop\u00e9ration r\u00e9gionale, constituent des strat\u00e9gies \u00e0 multiples facettes align\u00e9es sur les int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques, militaires et politiques de Tel-Aviv \u2013 dont beaucoup visent l\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monie r\u00e9gionale aux d\u00e9pens de ses voisins. Toute mesure strat\u00e9gique isra\u00e9lienne aura des r\u00e9percussions sur le paysage \u00e9conomique, s\u00e9curitaire et g\u00e9opolitique de l\u2019Asie occidentale, rehaussant ainsi le profil r\u00e9gional de Tel-Aviv, mais poussant aussi potentiellement ses opposants \u00e0 l\u2019action.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Avant tout, les retomb\u00e9es \u00e9conomiques d\u00e9coulant de ces projets rev\u00eatent une importance capitale pour Isra\u00ebl. Les projections du minist\u00e8re isra\u00e9lien des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res sugg\u00e8rent une augmentation stup\u00e9fiante du volume des \u00e9changes suite \u00e0 l&rsquo;initiative de liaison ferroviaire propos\u00e9e, pouvant atteindre le chiffre ph\u00e9nom\u00e9nal de\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20190727-israel-unveils-details-of-railway-connection-to-saudi-uae\/\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">400\u00a0%<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Cela repr\u00e9senterait un changement marqu\u00e9 par rapport au <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"><i>statu quo<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">, dans lequel une multitude de camions se rendent actuellement au port de Ha\u00effa via les ferries de Turquie, traversant les territoires palestiniens occup\u00e9s en route vers divers pays arabes via la Jordanie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Une liaison ferroviaire et terrestre permettra le transport rapide et rentable des marchandises vers les march\u00e9s arabes, galvanisant ainsi les producteurs isra\u00e9liens \u00e0 exploiter de nouveaux march\u00e9s. Par exemple, la facilit\u00e9 d\u2019exportation de l\u00e9gumes frais, un produit vital pour les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, peut accro\u00eetre consid\u00e9rablement le commerce du secteur agricole.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Avec le transport ferroviaire ou routier entre l\u2019\u00c9tat d\u2019occupation et le golfe Persique, Isra\u00ebl deviendra de plus en plus important en tant que plaque tournante du transport de marchandises de l\u2019Europe vers les pays arabes, et vice versa. Selon le ministre Katz, <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/news.cgtn.com\/news\/3459444d79677a6333566d54\/share_p.html\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">25\u00a0%<\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"> des exportations turques vers le Golfe transitent par le port de Ha\u00effa et transitent par la Jordanie.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Au-del\u00e0 des gains \u00e9conomiques, il y a aussi des avantages en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e0 prendre en compte. Les projets offrent un avantage certain pour contourner les vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, contournant habilement les risques pos\u00e9s par l&rsquo;Iran dans le d\u00e9troit d&rsquo;Ormuz et le Y\u00e9men dans le <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20201006-israel-sets-its-sights-on-the-red-sea-and-bab-el-mandeb\/\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">d\u00e9troit de Bab el-Mandeb<\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Cette man\u0153uvre aboutit \u00e0 une convergence des int\u00e9r\u00eats s\u00e9curitaires entre Isra\u00ebl et les \u00c9tats du golfe Persique, \u00e0 travers une coop\u00e9ration s\u00e9curitaire et militaire renforc\u00e9e. En consolidant cette alliance, Isra\u00ebl fait progresser sa campagne visant \u00e0 unir ses partenaires r\u00e9gionaux contre son principal adversaire, l\u2019Iran.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">L\u2019inqui\u00e9tude de l\u2019\u00c9gypte<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">D&rsquo;un point de vue g\u00e9opolitique, les projets \u00e9tendent l&rsquo;influence d&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl, le transformant en un acteur r\u00e9gional intrins\u00e8que et naturel. Cette interconnectivit\u00e9 \u00e9l\u00e8ve sa position dans la sph\u00e8re ouest-asiatique en cimentant des liens vitaux avec les \u00c9tats du Golfe et en se positionnant comme un canal commercial essentiel entre l\u2019Europe et la r\u00e9gion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Un tel r\u00f4le influent place effectivement Isra\u00ebl au centre de l\u2019attention diplomatique, ce qui peut faire avancer la trajectoire vers la normalisation avec les \u00c9tats arabes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">L\u2019initiative Isra\u00ebl-Golfe ne sera cependant pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9e sans inqui\u00e9tude en \u00c9gypte. Le projet de liaison terrestre menace de d\u00e9tourner les activit\u00e9s du canal de Suez, une bou\u00e9e de sauvetage du commerce mondial et un point d&rsquo;ancrage pour l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie \u00e9gyptienne, aujourd&rsquo;hui en difficult\u00e9. Avec environ\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.majalla.com\/node\/288046\/business-economy\/suez-canal-lifeline-egypt-and-crucial-gateway-global-trade\">12\u00a0% du commerce international<\/a><\/span>, 10\u00a0% des exp\u00e9ditions de p\u00e9trole et de gaz et 22\u00a0% du commerce des conteneurs transitant par le canal de Suez, les enjeux sont consid\u00e9rables.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">La perspective d\u2019un corridor terrestre d\u00e9tournant le trafic de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e vers le golfe Persique pose un d\u00e9fi notable \u00e0 la position g\u00e9o\u00e9conomique du Caire dans la r\u00e9gion. Une r\u00e9duction de l&rsquo;importance du canal constitue une menace ind\u00e9niable, comme en t\u00e9moignent les revenus record de l&rsquo;\u00c9gypte de <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/suez-canal-annual-revenue-hits-record-94-bln-chairman-2023-06-21\/\">9,4 milliards de dollars<\/a><\/span> au cours du dernier exercice financier, qui a vu pr\u00e8s de 26.000 navires transiter par le canal de Suez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Un chemin sem\u00e9 d\u2019emb\u00fbches vers la normalisation<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">En 2020, des discussions de haut niveau ont eu lieu lors du forum I2U2, qui a r\u00e9uni les \u00c9tats-Unis, Isra\u00ebl, les \u00c9mirats arabes unis et l\u2019Inde. C&rsquo;est l\u00e0 que Tel Aviv a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sa proposition de projet d&rsquo;infrastructure visant \u00e0 relier les \u00c9tats du Golfe et les \u00c9tats arabes via un r\u00e9seau ferroviaire.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Le projet stipule que l&rsquo;Inde sera \u00e9galement li\u00e9e \u00e0 ce projet en connectant ses ports aux ports du Golfe,\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/thecradle.co\/arabic\/article\/5775\/\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639-\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a-\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628-\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627:-\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646-\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629-\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\">en plus d&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl<\/a><\/span>. La principale diff\u00e9rence entre ces deux projets est qu\u2019Isra\u00ebl a annonc\u00e9 publiquement qu\u2019il faisait partie du projet de corridor terrestre avec les \u00c9mirats arabes unis.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Il convient de noter que la force motrice derri\u00e8re les deux projets reste inchang\u00e9e\u00a0: \u00e0 savoir, un effort concert\u00e9 pour forger des relations commerciales solides entre Isra\u00ebl et divers \u00c9tats arabes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Pourtant, tout projet impliquant Isra\u00ebl se heurte au formidable d\u00e9fi pos\u00e9 par le conflit isra\u00e9lo-arabe persistant, aggrav\u00e9 par le soutien in\u00e9branlable des populations d\u2019Asie occidentale \u00e0 la cause palestinienne. La position durable d\u2019Isra\u00ebl en tant qu\u2019\u00c9tat colonialiste \u00e9tranger en Asie occidentale continuera de poser des obstacles et une opposition directe \u00e0 ses initiatives dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<pre><em><span style=\"font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\">Article original en anglais sur <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/new.thecradle.co\/articles\/reviving-hegemony-israels-land-and-rail-proposal-to-the-persian-gulf\">The Cradle<\/a> <\/span>\/ Traduction MR<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/pre>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Hasan-Sweidan.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-9466 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Hasan-Sweidan.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"127\" height=\"127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Hasan-Sweidan.jpg 573w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Hasan-Sweidan-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Hasan-Sweidan-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Hasan-Sweidan-144x144.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 127px) 100vw, 127px\" \/><\/a>A propos de l\u2019auteur<\/strong>\u00a0: Mohamed Sweidan est chercheur en \u00e9tudes strat\u00e9giques, \u00e9crivain pour diff\u00e9rentes plateformes m\u00e9diatiques et auteur de plusieurs \u00e9tudes dans le domaine des relations internationales. Mohamed se concentre principalement sur les affaires russes, la politique turque et la relation entre la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et la g\u00e9opolitique. Son compte X :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/mhmdsweidan\">@mhmdsweidan<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mohamad Hasan Sweidan, 17 ao\u00fbt 2023. Depuis 2017, dans le cadre d\u2019une initiative baptis\u00e9e \u00ab Des pistes pour la paix r\u00e9gionale \u00bb, Isra\u00ebl tente de promouvoir un projet ferroviaire reliant <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2023\/08\/22\/raviver-lhegemonie-la-proposition-israelienne-de-transport-terrestre-et-ferroviaire-dans-le-golfe-persique\/\">Lire la suite &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6437,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,2],"tags":[85,90,94],"class_list":["post-6432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses","category-articles","tag-economie","tag-geopolitique","tag-normalisation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Raviver l\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monie : la proposition isra\u00e9lienne de transport terrestre et ferroviaire dans le golfe Persique - International Solidarity Movement - ISM-France<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2023\/08\/22\/raviver-lhegemonie-la-proposition-israelienne-de-transport-terrestre-et-ferroviaire-dans-le-golfe-persique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Raviver l\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monie : la proposition isra\u00e9lienne de transport terrestre et ferroviaire dans le golfe Persique - International Solidarity Movement - ISM-France\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mohamad Hasan Sweidan, 17 ao\u00fbt 2023. Depuis 2017, dans le cadre d\u2019une initiative baptis\u00e9e \u00ab Des pistes pour la paix r\u00e9gionale \u00bb, Isra\u00ebl tente de promouvoir un projet ferroviaire reliant Lire la suite &rarr;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2023\/08\/22\/raviver-lhegemonie-la-proposition-israelienne-de-transport-terrestre-et-ferroviaire-dans-le-golfe-persique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"International Solidarity Movement - ISM-France\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-22T16:41:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-08T18:26:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/railway.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1677\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"685\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"mru_01\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ISMFRANCE\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ISMFRANCE\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"mru_01\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/22\\\/raviver-lhegemonie-la-proposition-israelienne-de-transport-terrestre-et-ferroviaire-dans-le-golfe-persique\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/22\\\/raviver-lhegemonie-la-proposition-israelienne-de-transport-terrestre-et-ferroviaire-dans-le-golfe-persique\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"mru_01\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3c411eb72adfaae19c0dca1f41fae01d\"},\"headline\":\"Raviver l\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monie : la proposition isra\u00e9lienne de transport terrestre et ferroviaire dans le golfe Persique\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-22T16:41:49+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-02-08T18:26:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/22\\\/raviver-lhegemonie-la-proposition-israelienne-de-transport-terrestre-et-ferroviaire-dans-le-golfe-persique\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1889,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/22\\\/raviver-lhegemonie-la-proposition-israelienne-de-transport-terrestre-et-ferroviaire-dans-le-golfe-persique\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/railway.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Economie\",\"G\u00e9opolitique\",\"Normalisation\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Analyses\",\"Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/22\\\/raviver-lhegemonie-la-proposition-israelienne-de-transport-terrestre-et-ferroviaire-dans-le-golfe-persique\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ismfrance.org\\\/index.php\\\/2023\\\/08\\\/22\\\/raviver-lhegemonie-la-proposition-israelienne-de-transport-terrestre-et-ferroviaire-dans-le-golfe-persique\\\/\",\"name\":\"Raviver l\u2019h\u00e9g\u00e9monie : la proposition isra\u00e9lienne de transport terrestre et ferroviaire dans le golfe Persique - 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