{"id":30870,"date":"2026-08-10T09:34:52","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T07:34:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/?p=30870"},"modified":"2026-08-10T09:34:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T07:34:52","slug":"quand-le-colonisateur-qualifie-la-resistance-de-terrorisme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2026\/08\/10\/quand-le-colonisateur-qualifie-la-resistance-de-terrorisme\/","title":{"rendered":"Quand le colonisateur qualifie la r\u00e9sistance de terrorisme"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sayid Marcos Tenorio, 8 ao\u00fbt 2026.<\/strong>– Au fil de l’histoire, presque toutes les luttes de lib\u00e9ration nationale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 qualifi\u00e9es de \u00ab terrorisme \u00bb par les puissances exer\u00e7ant une domination coloniale ou une occupation \u00e9trang\u00e8re. Cette strat\u00e9gie n’a rien de nouveau.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Image g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par l’IA.<\/p><\/div>\n

L’Empire britannique a qualifi\u00e9 de terroristes les combattants de l’IRA en Irlande et les gu\u00e9rilleros de l’EOKA \u00e0 Chypre. La France a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 le Front de lib\u00e9ration nationale (FLN) alg\u00e9rien comme une organisation criminelle. Il en a \u00e9t\u00e9 de m\u00eame pour le Front de lib\u00e9ration du Mozambique (FRELIMO), le Mouvement populaire de lib\u00e9ration de l’Angola (MPLA), l’Organisation du peuple du Sud-Ouest africain (SWAPO) en Namibie, et m\u00eame le Congr\u00e8s national africain (ANC) de Nelson Mandela.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’histoire a toutefois donn\u00e9 raison \u00e0 ces mouvements et condamn\u00e9 les r\u00e9gimes coloniaux qui cherchaient \u00e0 perp\u00e9tuer leur domination.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce sch\u00e9ma r\u00e9v\u00e8le une constante : ceux qui occupent un territoire cherchent \u00e0 priver le peuple occup\u00e9 de toute l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9sister.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La d\u00e9shumanisation de la r\u00e9sistance est une strat\u00e9gie coloniale. En qualifiant tout r\u00e9sistant de \u00ab terroriste \u00bb, on d\u00e9tourne l’attention de l’occupation ill\u00e9gale, de l’apartheid et du d\u00e9ni du droit \u00e0 l’autod\u00e9termination pour la reporter sur la r\u00e9action du peuple occup\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce discours se heurte toutefois \u00e0 des limites claires au sein m\u00eame du droit international.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De la Charte des Nations unies \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution 1514 (XV) sur la d\u00e9colonisation et \u00e0 la r\u00e9solution 2625 (XXV), qui r\u00e9affirme le principe de l’autod\u00e9termination des peuples, il est d\u00e9sormais \u00e9tabli que les peuples soumis \u00e0 une domination coloniale, \u00e0 une occupation \u00e9trang\u00e8re ou \u00e0 des r\u00e9gimes racistes ont le droit de lutter pour leur lib\u00e9ration.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Plusieurs r\u00e9solutions ult\u00e9rieures de l’Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations unies ont reconnu la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 des mouvements de lib\u00e9ration nationale et admis qu’une telle r\u00e9sistance pouvait prendre la forme d’une lutte arm\u00e9e, \u00e0 condition qu’elle reste soumise aux r\u00e8gles du droit international humanitaire.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C’est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pour cette raison que la communaut\u00e9 internationale n’a jamais assimil\u00e9 automatiquement les mouvements de lib\u00e9ration nationale \u00e0 des organisations terroristes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Le droit international humanitaire r\u00e9git la conduite des conflits arm\u00e9s et impose des obligations \u00e0 tous les bellig\u00e9rants, y compris aux mouvements de r\u00e9sistance.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il n’\u00e9limine pas pour autant le droit politique et juridique d’un peuple \u00e0 r\u00e9sister \u00e0 l’occupation. Confondre ces deux dimensions ne sert que les int\u00e9r\u00eats des puissances occupantes, car cela transforme un conflit de nature politique et juridique en une simple question de maintien de l’ordre.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

L’histoire de ce que l’on appelle l’\u00ab \u00c9tat d’Isra\u00ebl \u00bb met elle-m\u00eame en \u00e9vidence cette contradiction. Avant 1948, l’Irgoun et le Lehi \u00e9taient consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des organisations terroristes par le gouvernement britannique en raison d’attaques telles que l’attentat contre l’h\u00f4tel King David et l’assassinat du m\u00e9diateur de l’ONU, Folke Bernadotte.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Des ann\u00e9es plus tard, leurs dirigeants ont acc\u00e9d\u00e9 aux plus hautes fonctions gouvernementales et Menachem Begin a re\u00e7u le prix Nobel de la paix. Cela d\u00e9montre que l’\u00e9tiquette de \u00ab terroriste \u00bb refl\u00e8te souvent davantage les circonstances politiques qu’une d\u00e9finition juridique immuable.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans le contexte actuel, ce d\u00e9bat demeure d’une grande actualit\u00e9. La Palestine continue d’\u00eatre reconnue par les Nations unies comme un territoire sous occupation, tandis que le Sahara occidental figure toujours sur la liste des territoires non autonomes de l’ONU, dans l’attente de la concr\u00e9tisation du droit de son peuple \u00e0 l’autod\u00e9termination.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans ce cadre, le Mouvement de r\u00e9sistance islamique (Hamas), apparu durant la Premi\u00e8re Intifada, et le Front Polisario, reconnu par les Nations unies comme le repr\u00e9sentant du peuple sahraoui dans le processus de paix au Sahara occidental, s’inscrivent dans la tradition historique des mouvements de lib\u00e9ration nationale.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tout comme l’ANC en Afrique du Sud, le FLN en Alg\u00e9rie, la SWAPO en Namibie, le FRELIMO au Mozambique et bien d’autres mouvements, ils fondent tous deux leur lutte sur la revendication, par leurs peuples, du droit \u00e0 l’autod\u00e9termination face \u00e0 l’occupation ou \u00e0 la domination \u00e9trang\u00e8re.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Cela ne signifie pas pour autant que toute action militaire men\u00e9e par des organisations de r\u00e9sistance soit automatiquement l\u00e9gitime au regard du droit international.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Les r\u00e8gles du droit international humanitaire s’appliquent \u00e0 toutes les parties \u00e0 un conflit et interdisent les attaques d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9es contre les civils, quelle que soit la cause d\u00e9fendue.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Toutefois, d’\u00e9ventuelles violations de ces r\u00e8gles ne remettent pas en cause, en soi, la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 juridique de la lutte pour l’autod\u00e9termination, et ne transforment pas automatiquement un mouvement de lib\u00e9ration nationale en organisation terroriste au regard du droit international. Il s’agit de questions distinctes, souvent confondues par souci de convenance politique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il n’y a pas de colonialisme sans r\u00e9sistance. Il n’y en a jamais eu.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La R\u00e9sistance fran\u00e7aise face \u00e0 l’occupation nazie, les gu\u00e9rillas vietnamiennes, les combattants alg\u00e9riens, les Sud-Africains ayant affront\u00e9 l’apartheid, les mouvements de lib\u00e9ration africains, le Front Polisario et la r\u00e9sistance palestinienne d\u00e9montrent tous qu’aucun peuple n’acceptera ind\u00e9finiment la perte de sa terre, de sa souverainet\u00e9 et de sa dignit\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La v\u00e9ritable question n’est donc pas de savoir pourquoi la r\u00e9sistance existe.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La question que le monde devrait se poser est de savoir pourquoi perdurent les occupations militaires, les processus coloniaux et les r\u00e9gimes qui d\u00e9nient \u00e0 des peuples entiers le droit de d\u00e9terminer leur propre destin.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tant qu’il y aura colonisation, apartheid, annexion ill\u00e9gale et d\u00e9ni du droit \u00e0 l’autod\u00e9termination, il y aura des mouvements de r\u00e9sistance arm\u00e9e.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Et le droit international, en d\u00e9pit des pressions politiques et des tentatives de criminaliser les mouvements de lib\u00e9ration, continue de consacrer le principe fondamental selon lequel la libert\u00e9 des peuples ne constitue pas un acte de terrorisme, mais un droit humain fondamental.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Article original en anglais sur Middle East Monitor<\/a> \/ Traduction MR<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/a>L’AUTEUR<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sayid Marcos Ten\u00f3rio est historien, sp\u00e9cialiste des relations internationales, fondateur et vice-pr\u00e9sident de l’Institut Br\u00e9sil-Palestine (Ibraspal). Il est l’auteur de l’ouvrage \u00ab\u00a0Palestina: do mito da terra prometida \u00e0 terra da resist\u00eancia\u00a0\u00bb (Palestine : du mythe de la terre promise \u00e0 la terre de la r\u00e9sistance) (Anita Garibaldi\/Ibraspal). Son compte X\u00a0: soupalestina<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sayid Marcos Tenorio, 8 ao\u00fbt 2026.– Au fil de l’histoire, presque toutes les luttes de lib\u00e9ration nationale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 qualifi\u00e9es de \u00ab terrorisme \u00bb par les puissances exer\u00e7ant une domination Lire la suite →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":30872,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,2],"tags":[109,3],"class_list":["post-30870","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses","category-articles","tag-criminalisation","tag-resistance"],"yoast_head":"\nQuand le colonisateur qualifie la r\u00e9sistance de terrorisme - International Solidarity Movement - ISM-France<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2026\/08\/10\/quand-le-colonisateur-qualifie-la-resistance-de-terrorisme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quand le colonisateur qualifie la r\u00e9sistance de terrorisme - 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