{"id":25005,"date":"2025-11-18T20:56:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T19:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/?p=25005"},"modified":"2025-11-18T20:56:54","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T19:56:54","slug":"comment-la-resolution-de-lonu-sur-gaza-cree-un-nouveau-mandat-etranger-sur-les-palestiniens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/comment-la-resolution-de-lonu-sur-gaza-cree-un-nouveau-mandat-etranger-sur-les-palestiniens\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment la r\u00e9solution de l&rsquo;ONU sur Gaza cr\u00e9e un nouveau \u00ab mandat \u00bb \u00e9tranger sur les Palestiniens"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/users\/rayhan-uddin\">Rayhan Uddin<\/a>, 18 novembre 2025. \u2013<\/strong> Une force internationale utilisera \u00ab <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>toutes les mesures n\u00e9cessaires pour ex\u00e9cuter son mandat <\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00bb \u00e0 Gaza, stipule la <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.diplomatie.gouv.fr\/fr\/politique-etrangere-de-la-france\/la-france-et-les-nations-unies\/evenements-et-actualites-lies-aux-nations-unies\/actualites\/article\/nations-unies-adoption-de-la-resolution-2803-du-conseil-de-securite-relative-au\">r\u00e9solution 2803<\/a> <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">a<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">dopt\u00e9e par le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des Nations Unies le 17 novembre.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/vote.webp\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-25007\" src=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/vote-700x393.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/vote-700x393.webp 700w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/vote-300x168.webp 300w, https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/vote.webp 730w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Cette r\u00e9solution place le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain Donald Trump \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l&rsquo;enclave palestinienne, avec des troupes multinationales au sein d&rsquo;une Force internationale de stabilisation (FIS) charg\u00e9es de superviser son plan en 20 points pour l&rsquo;avenir de la r\u00e9gion.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Le terme \u00ab mandat \u00bb est malheureusement trop familier dans le contexte de l&rsquo;ing\u00e9rence \u00e9trang\u00e8re dans les affaires palestiniennes.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00ab <i>Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un sch\u00e9ma colonial classique qui m\u00e9conna\u00eet totalement les droits et les aspirations du peuple autochtone <\/i>\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Avi Shlaim, historien britannico-isra\u00e9lien, \u00e0 <i>Middle East Eye<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00ab <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>En ce sens, il est comparable au mandat britannique sur la Palestine<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. \u00bb Helena Cobban, auteure de l&rsquo;ouvrage \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Understanding Hamas: And Why That Matters\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (Comprendre le Hamas : et pourquoi c&rsquo;est important), a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu&rsquo;\u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue, le terme \u00ab <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>mandat<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> \u00bb n&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;un terme technique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00ab <i>Mais pour tous les habitants de l&rsquo;Asie de l&rsquo;Ouest, il est lourd de sens historique<\/i> \u00bb, a-t-elle expliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 <i>MEE<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00ab <i>Les mandats accord\u00e9s \u00e0 la Grande-Bretagne et \u00e0 la France apr\u00e8s la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale dans les anciens territoires ottomans reposaient sur l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se, intrins\u00e8quement colonialiste, que les populations de ces r\u00e9gions n&rsquo;\u00e9taient pas, d&rsquo;une mani\u00e8re ou d&rsquo;une autre, \u00ab\u00a0pr\u00eates\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 l&rsquo;autonomie.<\/i> \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Pr\u00e8s d&rsquo;un si\u00e8cle plus tard, les puissances mondiales reprennent le contr\u00f4le du territoire palestinien pour ce qui est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme une p\u00e9riode de transition.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La r\u00e9solution 2803, adopt\u00e9e lundi par 13 voix contre 0 et 2 abstentions, pr\u00e9voit la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;un \u00ab <i>conseil de paix<\/i> \u00bb charg\u00e9 de superviser les troupes multinationales, les technocrates palestiniens et une force de police locale pour une dur\u00e9e de deux ans.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Rejet\u00e9e par le Hamas et plusieurs autres factions palestiniennes, la r\u00e9solution b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie toutefois du soutien de l&rsquo;Autorit\u00e9 palestinienne (AP).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Le texte fait une allusion vague et \u00e9vasive \u00e0 \u00ab l<i>&lsquo;autod\u00e9termination et \u00e0 la reconnaissance d&rsquo;un \u00c9tat palestinien<\/i> \u00bb, sous r\u00e9serve du respect de certaines conditions.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00ab <i>Il s&rsquo;agit de conditionner un droit fondamental : le droit \u00e0 l&rsquo;autod\u00e9termination<\/i> \u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 \u00e0 <i>MEE<\/i> Daniel Levy, analyste britannico-isra\u00e9lien et ancien n\u00e9gociateur de paix.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00ab <i>Il transforme le garant du droit international, l&rsquo;ONU, en un organe qui le sape<\/i>. \u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Outre les 13 membres du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;ONU, le texte a \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9 par plusieurs \u00c9tats \u00e0 majorit\u00e9 musulmane et arabes, dont l&rsquo;\u00c9gypte, les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, le Qatar, l&rsquo;Arabie saoudite, la Turquie et l&rsquo;Indon\u00e9sie.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La Russie et la Chine se sont abstenues lors du vote. Bien que la Russie ait qualifi\u00e9 la r\u00e9solution de \u00ab <i>coloniale<\/i> \u00bb, il est important de noter que les deux pays n&rsquo;ont pas utilis\u00e9 leur droit de <i>veto<\/i>. Levy a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le soutien de l&rsquo;Autorit\u00e9 palestinienne au plan permettait aux \u00c9tats \u00e0 majorit\u00e9 musulmane et aux \u00c9tats arabes de l&rsquo;appuyer, ce qui, \u00e0 son tour, emp\u00eachait la Russie et la Chine d&rsquo;y opposer leur <i>veto<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00ab <i>Une fois que les \u00c9tats \u00e0 majorit\u00e9 musulmane l&rsquo;ont soutenu, personne n&rsquo;allait faire d\u00e9fection<\/i> \u00bb, a affirm\u00e9 Levy.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">R\u00e9ticence \u00e0 d\u00e9ployer des forces<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Le Hamas a rejet\u00e9 la r\u00e9solution, d\u00e9clarant qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;acceptait pas la notion de d\u00e9sarmement et que le texte ne r\u00e9pondait pas aux droits et aux revendications des Palestiniens.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Le refus du groupe de d\u00e9sarmer pose probl\u00e8me aux troupes multinationales.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La probabilit\u00e9 que des forces internationales de maintien de la paix soient d\u00e9ploy\u00e9es \u00e0 Gaza pour participer \u00e0 la destruction des infrastructures \u00ab terroristes \u00bb, comme le pr\u00e9voit la r\u00e9solution, est faible tant que le Hamas est pr\u00e9sent.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Shlaim a fait remarquer que l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas parvenue \u00e0 d\u00e9sarmer le Hamas apr\u00e8s deux ans de bombardements incessants.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00ab <i>Alors, comment un organisme international pourrait-il y parvenir ? Et quel pays arabe accepterait de faire le sale boulot d&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl ?<\/i> \u00bb, a-t-il demand\u00e9. \u00ab <i>Il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un plan visant \u00e0 instaurer un contr\u00f4le isra\u00e9lien ind\u00e9fini sur Gaza. <\/i>\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Mme Cobban a reconnu que les acteurs r\u00e9gionaux seraient r\u00e9ticents.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00ab <i>Si la puissance militaire isra\u00e9lienne, si longtemps vant\u00e9e, s&rsquo;av\u00e9rait incapable de vaincre la r\u00e9sistance palestinienne \u00e0 Gaza, aucun officier d&rsquo;\u00e9tat-major des arm\u00e9es arabes ou musulmanes envisageant de rejoindre les Forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 isra\u00e9liennes ne souhaitera que ses forces tentent une telle chose<\/i> \u00bb, a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Le Hamas a manifest\u00e9 une certaine volont\u00e9 de r\u00e9duire son armement et ses effectifs : il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 la possibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9sarmer et d&rsquo;int\u00e9grer ses capacit\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e d&rsquo;un \u00c9tat palestinien ind\u00e9pendant.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Mme Cobban souligne que cette approche est courante pour les forces de lutte anticoloniales tout au long du processus de d\u00e9colonisation.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Face \u00e0 l&rsquo;impasse actuelle concernant le d\u00e9sarmement, la mise en \u0153uvre de la r\u00e9solution demeure incertaine.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Quoi qu&rsquo;il en soit, le fait que le Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;ONU ait approuv\u00e9 sans r\u00e9serve un plan \u00e9labor\u00e9 sous l&rsquo;administration Trump, avec le soutien partiel d&rsquo;Isra\u00ebl, est hautement significatif. Cobban s&rsquo;est interrog\u00e9e sur les raisons pour lesquelles tant de membres du Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 ont \u00ab\u00a0<i>c\u00e9d\u00e9 si compl\u00e8tement<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb et pourquoi la Russie et la Chine n&rsquo;ont pas utilis\u00e9 leur droit de <i>veto<\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00ab\u00a0<i>Ce qui s&rsquo;est pass\u00e9 hier au Conseil de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 a jet\u00e9 le discr\u00e9dit sur l&rsquo;ONU elle-m\u00eame<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00ab\u00a0<i>L&rsquo;organisation et tout ce qu&rsquo;elle repr\u00e9sente sont d\u00e9sormais au bord de la crise, et il lui faudra peut-\u00eatre beaucoup de temps pour s&rsquo;en remettre, si tant est qu&rsquo;elle puisse un jour s&rsquo;en remettre.<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Article original en anglais sur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/how-un-resolution-creates-new-foreign-mandate-over-palestinians\">Middle East Eye<\/a> \/ Traduction MR<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rayhan Uddin, 18 novembre 2025. \u2013 Une force internationale utilisera \u00ab toutes les mesures n\u00e9cessaires pour ex\u00e9cuter son mandat \u00bb \u00e0 Gaza, stipule la r\u00e9solution 2803 adopt\u00e9e par le Conseil <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2025\/11\/18\/comment-la-resolution-de-lonu-sur-gaza-cree-un-nouveau-mandat-etranger-sur-les-palestiniens\/\">Lire la suite &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":25007,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,2],"tags":[176,458],"class_list":["post-25005","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses","category-articles","tag-onu","tag-plan-trump"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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