{"id":23206,"date":"2025-08-30T17:36:49","date_gmt":"2025-08-30T15:36:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/?p=23206"},"modified":"2025-08-30T17:36:49","modified_gmt":"2025-08-30T15:36:49","slug":"letat-palestinien-nest-pas-la-solution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2025\/08\/30\/letat-palestinien-nest-pas-la-solution\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019\u00c9tat palestinien n\u2019est pas la solution"},"content":{"rendered":"

Manal A. Jamal<\/a>, 29 ao\u00fbt 2025.- En r\u00e9ponse au g\u00e9nocide isra\u00e9lien en cours \u00e0 Gaza et \u00e0 l\u2019escalade des violations des droits humains en Cisjordanie, la communaut\u00e9 internationale a relanc\u00e9 la dynamique en faveur d\u2019un \u00c9tat palestinien.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

La reconnaissance de l’Etat de Palestine dans le monde \u00e0 ao\u00fbt 2025.<\/strong><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Fin juillet, la France et l\u2019Arabie saoudite ont copr\u00e9sid\u00e9 une r\u00e9union de haut niveau \u00e0 New York, \u00e0 laquelle ont particip\u00e9 des repr\u00e9sentants de plus de 100 pays, afin de cr\u00e9er un \u00e9lan en faveur de cet objectif.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Depuis, le Canada, l\u2019Australie et plusieurs pays arabes se sont joints aux appels \u00e0 la reconnaissance, tandis que le Royaume-Uni a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 son intention de le faire si Isra\u00ebl n\u2019acceptait pas de cessez-le-feu.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bien que largement salu\u00e9e comme une initiative diplomatique majeure, la promotion de l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019un \u00c9tat palestinien \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 pr\u00e8s de 2,2 millions de personnes sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 une campagne de famine syst\u00e9matique orchestr\u00e9e par Isra\u00ebl n\u2019est rien d\u2019autre qu\u2019une mise en sc\u00e8ne politique.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La version d\u2019un \u00ab\u00a0\u00c9tat palestinien\u00a0\u00bb actuellement promue par la communaut\u00e9 internationale ne mettra pas fin au g\u00e9nocide \u00e0 Gaza ni ne cr\u00e9era un v\u00e9ritable \u00c9tat souverain.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La relance d’un \u00c9tat palestinien en ce moment pr\u00e9cis ne sert qu’un seul objectif\u00a0: conf\u00e9rer \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl une l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 et une couverture diplomatique pour ses atrocit\u00e9s \u00e0 Gaza et ses agressions continues en Cisjordanie.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A mars\u00a02025, 147 des 193\u00a0\u00c9tats membres de l’ONU avaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 reconnu un \u00c9tat palestinien. Pourtant, une communaut\u00e9 internationale qui refuse \u2013 ou est incapable – de mettre fin \u00e0 la famine d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9e de Gaza ne pourra jamais forcer Isra\u00ebl \u00e0 faire les concessions n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 un \u00c9tat palestinien v\u00e9ritablement souverain.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, l’heure de la cr\u00e9ation d’un \u00c9tat palestinien est d\u00e9j\u00e0 pass\u00e9e. Pendant des d\u00e9cennies, Isra\u00ebl a syst\u00e9matiquement \u0153uvr\u00e9 pour rendre cette perspective quasiment impossible. Territorialement, institutionnellement, financi\u00e8rement et juridiquement, une telle entit\u00e9 n’aurait que peu de ressemblance avec un \u00c9tat-nation souverain.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pour commencer, le territoire en question est fragment\u00e9, divis\u00e9 en enclaves d\u00e9connect\u00e9es, et ne repr\u00e9senterait au maximum que 40\u00a0% de la Cisjordanie \u2013 excluant probablement Gaza. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La communaut\u00e9 internationale obligera-t-elle Isra\u00ebl \u00e0 abandonner le contr\u00f4le de la zone C, les 60 % de la Cisjordanie qui restent sous l’enti\u00e8re autorit\u00e9 militaire et administrative isra\u00e9lienne\u00a0? Fera-t-elle pression sur Isra\u00ebl pour qu’il c\u00e8de le contr\u00f4le de la bande de Gaza\u00a0?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Depuis 1967, chaque gouvernement isra\u00e9lien a \u00e9tendu les colonies dans les territoires palestiniens occup\u00e9s et a syst\u00e9matiquement encourag\u00e9 les citoyens juifs \u00e0 s’installer en Cisjordanie en leur offrant des avantages financiers et le d\u00e9veloppement des infrastructures. Chaque colonie abrite une unit\u00e9 de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 civile financ\u00e9e et arm\u00e9e par le minist\u00e8re isra\u00e9lien de la D\u00e9fense, qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du soutien de l’arm\u00e9e isra\u00e9lienne. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La communaut\u00e9 internationale fera-t-elle pression sur Isra\u00ebl pour qu’il d\u00e9mant\u00e8le ces colonies ou pour qu’il \u00e9tablisse un syst\u00e8me juridique unique soumettant les Palestiniens \u2013 chr\u00e9tiens et musulmans \u2013 et les Isra\u00e9liens juifs aux m\u00eames lois\u00a0?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

En vertu de l’accord int\u00e9rimaire d’Oslo II de 1995, Isra\u00ebl conserve le contr\u00f4le total de toutes les ressources en eau des territoires occup\u00e9s. Cet accord ne donne aux Palestiniens acc\u00e8s qu’\u00e0 20\u00a0% de l’eau de l’aquif\u00e8re montagneux de Cisjordanie, une ressource partag\u00e9e par les Isra\u00e9liens et les Palestiniens. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La communaut\u00e9 internationale forcera-t-elle Isra\u00ebl \u00e0 \u00e9tablir une r\u00e9partition plus \u00e9quitable des ressources entre les communaut\u00e9s palestiniennes et les colonies juives isra\u00e9liennes de Cisjordanie\u00a0?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Actuellement, Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des fronti\u00e8res ext\u00e9rieures des territoires occup\u00e9s. Chaque Palestinien, y compris le pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019Autorit\u00e9 palestinienne (AP), Mahmoud Abbas, doit obtenir l\u2019autorisation isra\u00e9lienne pour entrer ou sortir des territoires, et souvent m\u00eame pour circuler \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La communaut\u00e9 internationale obligera-t-elle Isra\u00ebl \u00e0 abandonner le contr\u00f4le des fronti\u00e8res et des points de passage\u00a0?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

L’Autorit\u00e9 palestinienne, cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1994 pour administrer les affaires palestiniennes en Cisjordanie et \u00e0 Gaza, a moins fonctionn\u00e9 comme un gouvernement que comme un sous-traitant de l’occupation militaire isra\u00e9lienne. Isra\u00ebl se r\u00e9serve m\u00eame le pouvoir d’approuver les r\u00e9sultats de ses \u00e9lections. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La communaut\u00e9 internationale exigera-t-elle d’Isra\u00ebl et de ses alli\u00e9s qu’ils autorisent des \u00e9lections v\u00e9ritablement libres et \u00e9quitables \u2013 et en acceptent les r\u00e9sultats\u00a0?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

En vertu du Protocole de Paris de 1994, Isra\u00ebl contr\u00f4le le transfert des recettes de la TVA \u00e0 l’Autorit\u00e9 palestinienne, qui constituent une source majeure de ses revenus. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La communaut\u00e9 internationale forcera-t-elle Isra\u00ebl \u00e0 autoriser un gouvernement palestinien \u00e0 g\u00e9rer ses propres revenus\u00a0?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ces questions ne font qu’effleurer les nombreux obstacles territoriaux et administratifs qui entravent la cr\u00e9ation d’un futur \u00c9tat palestinien. Et surtout, elles n’abordent m\u00eame pas les injustices historiques subies par les Palestiniens, notamment les droits longtemps refus\u00e9s \u00e0 des millions de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Toute discussion sur un \u00c9tat palestinien qui n’aborde pas ces questions ne fait que d\u00e9tourner l’attention des atrocit\u00e9s commises par Isra\u00ebl. L’histoire montre qu’aucun g\u00e9nocide n’a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 en faisant appel \u00e0 la raison de ses auteurs. Seules des mesures telles que des sanctions et un embargo sur les armes contraindront Isra\u00ebl \u00e0 r\u00e9fr\u00e9ner sa force brute.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Au lieu de se livrer \u00e0 des gestes politiques d\u00e9nu\u00e9s de sens, les dirigeants mondiaux doivent se poser trois questions fondamentales\u00a0: le droit international doit-il s\u2019appliquer \u00e0 Isra\u00ebl\u00a0? Les droits humains des Palestiniens doivent-ils \u00eatre respect\u00e9s\u00a0? Et la communaut\u00e9 internationale est-elle v\u00e9ritablement d\u00e9termin\u00e9e \u00e0 pr\u00e9server l\u2019ordre mondial d\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre\u00a0? Les r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 ces questions d\u00e9termineront non seulement l\u2019avenir du conflit isra\u00e9lo-palestinien, mais aussi la cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me fond\u00e9 sur des r\u00e8gles.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Article en anglais sur The New Arab<\/a> \/ Traduction MR.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/pre>\n
Cet article a \u00e9t\u00e9 initialement publi\u00e9 dans Project Syndicate<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Manal A. Jamal est professeure de sciences politiques \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 James Madison et auteure de Promoting Democracy: The Force of Political Settlements in Uncertain Times<\/a> (New York University Press, 2019).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n
Sur ce sujet, lire : \u00ab\u00a0Rentre impossible un Etat palestinien : l’objectif d’Isra\u00ebl depuis sa cr\u00e9ation<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0, par Monique Chemillier-Gendreau, mai 2025, Textuel – Petite encyclop\u00e9die critique.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Manal A. Jamal, 29 ao\u00fbt 2025.- En r\u00e9ponse au g\u00e9nocide isra\u00e9lien en cours \u00e0 Gaza et \u00e0 l\u2019escalade des violations des droits humains en Cisjordanie, la communaut\u00e9 internationale a relanc\u00e9 Lire la suite →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":23209,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,2],"tags":[451],"class_list":["post-23206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyses","category-articles","tag-etat-palestinien"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019\u00c9tat palestinien n\u2019est pas la solution - International Solidarity Movement - ISM-France<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ismfrance.org\/index.php\/2025\/08\/30\/letat-palestinien-nest-pas-la-solution\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019\u00c9tat palestinien n\u2019est pas la solution - International Solidarity Movement - ISM-France\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Manal A. 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